Hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) control in rice (Oryza sativa) with the bioherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene formulated in an invert emulsion

In greenhouse and field experiments, an invert emulsion (MSG 8.25) was tested with dried, formulated spores of the bioherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene, a highly virulent pathogen of the leguminous weed Aeschynomene virginica (northern jointvetch), but considered ‘immune’ against another more serious leguminous weed, Sesbania exaltata (hemp sesbania). A 1:1 (v/v) fungus/invert emulsion mixture resulted in 100% infection and mortality of inoculated hemp sesbania seedlings over a 21-day period under greenhouse conditions. In replicated field tests of the fungus/invert formulation conducted in Stuttgart, AR, and Stoneville, MS, hemp sesbania was controlled 85 and 90%, respectively. These results suggest that this invert emulsion expands the host range of C. gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene, with a concomitant improvement of the bioherbicidal potential of this pathogen.     

Biochemical and genetic engineering strategies to enhance hydrogen production in photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria

As an energy carrier, hydrogen gas is a promising substitute to carbonaceous fuels owing to its superb conversion efficiency, non-polluting nature, and high energy content. At present, hydrogen is predominately synthesized via chemical reformation of fossil fuels. While various biological methods have been extensively explored, none of them is justified as economically feasible. A sustainable platform for biological production of hydrogen will certainly impact the biofuel market. Among a selection of biological systems, algae and cyanobacteria have garnered major interests as potential cell factories for hydrogen production. In conjunction with photosynthesis, these organisms utilize inexpensive inorganic substrates and solar energy for simultaneous biosynthesis and hydrogen evolution. However, the hydrogen yield associated with these organisms remains far too low to compete with the existing chemical systems. This article reviews recent advances of biochemical, bioprocess, and genetic engineering strategies in circumventing technological limitations to hopefully improve the applicative potential of these photosynthetic hydrogen production systems.     

西藏独一味属一新变型——白花独一味

描述了唇形科独一味属植物独一味[Lamiophlomis rotato.(Benth.ex Hook.f.)Kudo]的1个新变型--白花独一味[Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.ex Hook.f.)Kudo f.dlbiflora J.Luo et S.L.Wang].原变型的花冠为淡紫色、红紫色或粉红褐色,而新变型花瓣为白色,花萼为绿色.     

川鄂獐耳细辛一新变型

描述了产于湖北神农架的川鄂獐耳细辛1个新变型―――重瓣川鄂獐耳细辛( Hepatica henryi Steward f. pleniflora X.D.Li et J.Q. Li),与原变型的主要区别为花冠重瓣。     

京津水源区小流域土壤侵蚀空间模拟

针对京津水源区生态环境脆弱、水土流失空间分异大、突发性强等问题,以河北省平泉县东北沟典型小流域为例,采用GIS技术与CSLE模型对其土壤侵蚀进行二维空间模拟及侵蚀规律研究,并对模型模拟精度进行验证.结果表明:模型确定性系数>0.85,模拟结果可信度高;小流域侵蚀模数为2359.24t·km-2·a-1,属于轻度侵蚀,侵蚀主要源于15°以上坡面,占侵蚀总量的92.1%;土壤侵蚀模数随坡度先逐渐增加,当坡度>45°时,土壤侵蚀模数有减小的趋势;土壤侵蚀模数空间异质性显著,坡耕地侵蚀模数最大,为6112.90tkm-2·a-1;荒草地占总面积33.2%,侵蚀量却达总量的74.9% ;59.3%的侵蚀来自阳坡和半阳坡,而阴坡半阴坡仅占流域侵蚀量的16.2%.研究为利用CSLE模型对小流域土壤侵蚀进行空间模拟提供技术范例,为京津水源区土壤侵蚀规律研究及水土保持生态建设提供科学参考.     

小叶榕气生根气体交换特征及影响因子研究

用LI-6400XT便携式光合仪测定了小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa L. f.)气生根的气体交换特征。结果表明气生根具有呼吸、蒸腾作用和空气吸湿作用。影响气生根呼吸作用的因素为年龄>空气温度>光强>相对湿度;影响蒸腾作用的因素为年龄>相对湿度>空气温度>光照。年龄小的气生根的呼吸和蒸腾作用较强,年龄大的尤其是木质化程度较高的气生根的呼吸作用较小,水分的释放(蒸腾作用)转变为水分的吸收(吸湿作用)。年龄小的气生根的CO2交换率与温度呈线性关系,温度越高,CO2交换率越大,呼吸越强;H2O交换率与相对湿度呈线性关系,相对湿度越大,H2O交换率越小,蒸腾越弱;年龄大的成熟气生根的H2O交换率与空气相对湿度呈线性关系,相对湿度越大,H2O交换率越小,蒸腾越小。     

On whose shoulders we stand - the pioneering entomological discoveries of Károly Sajó

The excellence of Károly Sajó as a researcher into Hungary’s natural history has been undeservedly neglected. Yet he did lasting work, especially in entomology, and a number of his discoveries and initiatives were before their time.Born in 1851 in Győr, he received his secondary education there and went to Pest University. He taught in a grammar school in 1877–88 before spending seven years as an entomologist at the National Phylloxera Experimental Station, later the Royal Hungarian State Entomological Station. Pensioned off at his own request in 1895, he moved to Őrszentmiklós, where he continued making entomological observations on his own farm and wrote the bulk of his published materials: almost 500 longer or shorter notes, articles and books, mainly on entomological subjects.Sajó was among the first in the world to publish in 1896 a study of how the weather affects living organisms, entitled Living Barometers. His Sleep in Insects, which appeared in the same year, described his discovery, from 1895 observations of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis adonidis (Pallas, 1771), of aestivation in insects – in present-day terms diapause.It was a great loss to universal entomology when Sajó ceased publishing about 25 years before his death. His unpublished notes, with his library and correspondence, were destroyed in the World War II. His surviving insect collection is now kept in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest.     

烟曲霉抗原Asp f16HLA-A*0201限制性的CD8+CTL抗原表位生物信息学预测与实验室鉴定

目的 预测与鉴定烟曲霉抗原Asp f16的HLA-A *0201限制性CD8+细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)抗原表位.方法 以国人常见的HLA-A*0201位点为靶点,依据生物信息学软件扫描烟曲霉特异性抗原Asp f16的全部427个氨基酸序列.使用HLA-A *0201转基因小鼠制备骨髓来源的树突状细胞(DC)和CTL.流式细胞仪技术检测DC表面MHC Ⅱ类抗原,CD80,CD86和CD11c的表达来验证其是否成熟.ELISPOT试验检测烟曲霉抗原多肽特异性CTL产生的细胞因子IFN-γ.四聚体(Tetramer)试验证实烟曲霉特异性CTL与抗原肽,HLA-A*0201分子复合体的亲和性.结果 根据与MHC I类分子结合的半衰期评分,选择了3个HLA-A*0201限制性抗原表位.流式细胞仪分析示成熟DC高表达HLA Ⅱ类抗原,CD80,CD86和CD11c.Tetramer试验证实烟曲霉特异性T细胞受体与抗原肽,HLA-A*0201分子复合体的高亲和性.ELISPOT实验结果 表明烟曲霉抗原肽体外可以活化CD8+CTL,被负载了抗原肽的DC刺激活化后可以产生IFN-γ.结论 本研究成功鉴定烟曲霉抗原Asp f16的HLA-A*0201限制性CD8+CTL表位,可作为疫苗设计的候选表位,为进一步研发新型抗烟曲霉疫苗提供参考.     

尘螨变应原Der f1 真核表达载体的构建及转染CHO 细胞

目的:构建尘螨变应原Der f1真核表达载体,转染真核细胞并进行蛋白表达.方法:根据Genebank中Der f1基因的核酸序列(AB034946),设计引物,采用PCR法,从保存的JM109工程菌中扩增Der f1编码基因,克隆到真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/myc-hisA上,以脂质体法转染CHO细胞,经G418筛选,进行稳定表达细胞株的筛选和鉴定.结果:将目的基因Der f1成功连接到pcDNA3.1/myc-hisA-Derf1并转染CHO细胞,获得稳定表达的CHO细胞株.结论:成功构建了尘螨变应原Der f1真核表达载体,并转染CHO细胞表达蛋白质.